Basically, a complicated printing machine prints all the writing and pictures onto a piece of special paper with an intaglio printer and then the serial number is also printed. The design of the front and back of each note is hand tooled by engravers working from a drawing or photograph. Each engraver is responsible for a single portion of the design-one doing the portrait, another the numerals, and so on.

Despite the use of high-quality paper and inks, the average life of a $1 bill in circulation is only about 18 months. Other denominations last somewhat longer. When a bill has been defaced, torn, or worn to the point where it is no longer identifiable or useable, it is taken out of circulation and returned to the federal reserve banks for destruction by shredding. Some of this shredded money is recycled to make roofing shingles or insulation. Money that is damaged or otherwise flawed during the printing process is shredded at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing plants.

The magistrates sit under the royal coat of arms in the courtroom because the monarch used to do the job of a magistrates before there were this many cases every day. The magistrates listen to all of the evidence and decide whether the defendant (criminal) is guilty or not guilty and if they are guilty, their punishment.

There are a lot of laws and therefore many ways to break them. Most of them can be dealt with in a Magistrates Court but some, like cases sent for trial by magistrates’ courts because the offences are ‘indictable only (those which can only be heard by Crown Court),‘either way’ offences (which can be heard in a magistrates’ court, but can also be sent to the Crown Court if the defendant chooses a jury trial),Defendants convicted in magistrates’ courts, but sent to the Crown Court for sentencing due to the seriousness of the offence or appeals against decisions of magistrates’ courts.